James 2 Whitlock is the man I’m discussing in this posting. I discussed his son James 3 Whitlock in the posting linked in the paragraph above. I’ll discuss James 1 Whitlock, who was father of James 2, in a subsequent posting.

Establishing a Birthdate for James Whitlock

In a 5 November 1984 genealogical report archived at the Whitlock One-Name Study website, genealogist Larry L. Piatt gives James 2’s birthdate as 1686.[1] Note that James 2 Whitlock was of the same generation as Thomas Christmas, whose daughter Agnes married James Whitlock’s son James 3: in an agreement Thomas’s parents Charles and Mary Christmas made in Stafford County, Virginia, on 28 February 1705 to indenture their son Thomas to Captain Thomas Harrison of Stafford County, Thomas’s mother Mary stated that he would become sixteen on 1 October 1705.[2] This gives Thomas Christmas a birthdate of 1 October 1689.

As the previous posting notes, the first mention made of James 2 Whitlock in the vestry minutes of St. Paul’s parish, Hanover County, Virginia, where he lived as an adult married man, is a vestry order on 24 September 1708 for James Whitlock and David Anderson to procession land in the precinct of the parish in which they lived. James 2 Whitlock was a young man likely recently married when he began appearing in St. Paul’s parish records.[3] Larry Piatt writes,[4]

We have previously surmised that James Whitlock was a relatively young man in 1708 when his name first appeared in the records of St. Paul’s Parish. He was probably recently married.

As my previous posting states, James 2 Whitlock’s 21 March 1733/4 Hanover County will suggests to me that his daughter Sarah, who is named in the will by her married name of Hunt, was of age when her father made his will, and that James 2’s son James 3 was either or age or just about to become of age when the will was made. The will states that two of James’s sons, David and Matthew, were not yet twenty-one years old, and three daughters, Temperance, Mary, and Agnes, were not yet married.

As the previous posting also states, Sarah Whitlock Hunt’s date of birth is estimated by researchers anywhere from 1704-1715, and I have yet to see any document that allows it to be pinpointed precisely. The posting I’m citing also provides my reasons for thinking that Sarah’s brother James was born around or sometime before 1718.

I agree with Larry Piatt’s conclusion that James 2 Whitlock was likely born between 1685-1690, and that he was also probably a young married man at the time he began appearing in the vestry minutes of St. Paul’s parish in 1708 in what would be Hanover County after 1720. I do keep in mind that Hanover’s early records were almost totally destroyed by fire in 1865, and the vestry minutes are one of the few sources left to us to document James’s life — and it’s possible that, if we had access to other early Hanover records, we’d find more information about James Whitlock than the pieces available to us from St. Paul’s vestry minutes.

If James 2 was born between 1685-7, he would almost certainly have been born in Ware parish in Gloucester County, Virginia, where his father James 1 can be placed during those years.[5] James 1 Whitlock was living in Ware parish in Gloucester on 10 January 1684/5 when he assigned to Thomas Stacy of Christ Church Parish in Middlesex County all of his interest in a bill of sale that Matthew Hudson had made to John Haley and James Whitlock for land in Petsworth parish, Gloucester County, with James’s wife Dorothy signing this document along with James.[6] By 16 April 1688, James 1 Whitlock had moved from Gloucester to New Kent County, which is west of Gloucester: on that date, a patent of land in Ware parish in Gloucester to Symon Stubblefield Jr. states that the land adjoined on the east and southeast land formerly belonged to James Whitlock, and from this time up to his death in 1716, we find James 1 in New Kent records.[7] Note, by the way, that the January 1684/5 release of interest in a bill of sale by James Whitlock and wife Dorothy shows us James 1 was married by that date.

I have been referring to St. Paul’s parish as a Hanover County parish in 1708. Hanover County was formed, in fact, from New Kent in 1720. St. Paul’s parish was formed, however, by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on 20 April 1704, and since that parish fell into Hanover County at the time the county was formed, it has commonly been referred to in parish and county histories as “of Hanover County.”[8] The April 1704 act specified that the new parish was to come into being on 1 June 1704.

G.C. Chamberlayne notes that at the time St. Paul’s was established, St. Peter’s parish in New Kent County was bounded on the northeast by the Pamunkey River up to its fork and from that point on by the north fork (the North Anna River), on the southeast by the line dividing St. Peter’s and Blisland parishes, and by the northwest boundary of Wilmington parish. To the northwest St. Paul’s parish extended indefinitely, to the furthest point of contemporary settlement between the Pamunkey and the Chickahominy.[9] In 1726, St. Martin parish was cut off from St. Paul’s, and took into its bounds all the land from the fork of the Pamunkey to Stone Horse Creek northeast of the South Anna.[10] St. Martin’s would fall into Louisa at that county’s formation in 1742. See the map above this paragraph showing Virginia county’s contemporary configuration to see the location of Gloucester, New Kent, Hanover, and Louisa Counties, all highlighted.

I offer all this information about the formation and geography of St. Paul’s parish in Hanover and of St. Martin’s parish in Louisa, and their connection to the mother parish St. Peter’s in New Kent, because the three generations of James Whitlocks I’m discussing in this series of postings — James 1 (1651-1716), James 2 (bef. 1690 – 1736), James 3 (abt. 1718 – 1749) — can be tracked successively in the records of New Kent, Hanover, and Louisa, such as records exist; both New Kent and Hanover have suffered significant loss of records. This fact alone tells us that these three generations of James Whitlocks are almost certainly related as successive generations of fathers and sons, a fact corroborated by other documentary evidence.

James Whitlock in Minutes of St. Paul’s Vestry, Hanover County, Virginia

As C.G. Chamberlayne notes in his transcript of the 1706-1786 vestry minutes of St. Paul’s parish, one of the outstanding features of the St. Paul’s vestry book is that it served both as minutes of vestry meetings and as a record of processioning orders and returns.[11] St. Paul’s vestry minutes are not unique in that respect; the vestry minutes of Upper Nansemond parish in southern Virginia, for example, also include detailed processioning information. But not all vestry books of colonial Virginia followed this practice, and far from all of these books have even survived.

In the previous posting, I discussed the practice of processioning the bounds of landholdings within a parish, and how processioning records allow us to place landholders in the parish in a particular area at a particular time and in connection to each other. One of the unique features of the St. Paul’s vestry records is that, as Chamberlayne’s introduction to this vestry book explains, a copy of early processioning minutes that had not been entered into the vestry record when these processionings were initially performed was made and entered into the vestry minutes at later points. As an example: the 24 March 1709 processioning record in which we find James Whitlock processioning land in St. Paul’s parish along with his neighbor David Anderson, in response to a vestry order issued on 24 September 1708, was entered into the vestry minutes on 20 November 1749.

The minutes for this processioning record state that on 24 March 1709, James Whitlock and David Anderson processioned their own lands along with the lands of Elizabeth Davis, Widow Tapp, Margaret Ariss, and John Burnley, all lying adjacent each other in the same precinct of which David Anderson and James Whitlock were appointed overseers. All these parties verified the land boundaries marked during the processioning, with Peter Crawford signing on behalf of his mother Margaret Ariss, and Thomas Anderson on behalf of Widow Tapp, he having bought her land.[12] This record gives us a valuable snapshot of some of James Whitlock’s neighbors in September 1708 in what was then New Kent County and would become Hanover County in 1720.

The same processioning return dated 24 March 1709 tells us as well that James Whitlock’s land was included in another precinct in St. Paul’s parish with the lands of Thomas Lacy/Lacey and Thomas Graham, and that as overseer of that precinct, James Whitlock and Thomas Graham had processioned the adjacent land of these three landholders and returned their report to the vestry.[13] Some researchers have surmised that James Whitlock’s wife Frances, whose name is given in James’s will, was the daughter of Thomas Lacy/Lacey. To my knowledge, no one has proven that the surname of James 2 Whitlock’s wife was Lacy, but this seems possible, given that the vestry of minutes indicate that the land of James and Thomas adjoined, and, as we’ll see, Thomas Lacy Jr. was a witness to James 2 Whitlock’s will.

We learn from the vestry minutes, too, that on 17 September 1711, Thomas Graham and Thomas Lacy/Lacey, who had been appointed to procession lands of Emanuel Richardson, Nathaniel Hodgkinson, Captain Roger Thompson, John Richardson, Paul Bunch, James Whitlock, Widow Clough, Thomas Graham, and Thomas Lacy/Lacey, had returned their report to the vestry of St. Paul’s on 17 March 1712.[14]

On 23 November 1711, James Whitlock represented Mr. Page in a processioning of land in St. Paul’s parish.[15] James processioned the land along with David Anderson and Eleazar Davis. On 3 April 1716, the vestry ordered its clerk to record the returns of recent processioning actions, and this return was among those recorded then. Again: note the name David Anderson, which was discussed in the previous posting, and how it recurs in records of this Whitlock family. The Mr. Page named in these vestry minutes was, I think, Mann Page of Gloucester County, who held extensive tracts of land in Hanover.

St. Paul’s vestry minutes for 3 April 1716 tell us that a processioning report dated 11 December 1715 had been returned to the vestry at the April 1716 meeting, with John Shelton and Edward Bullock reporting. This processioning included land held by James Whitlock.[16] Shelton and Bullock again reported to the vestry on 10 October 1719 a processioning they had done on 10 February 1719, which also included James Whitlock’s land.[17]

On 15 June 1730, St. Paul’s vestry minutes state that an order had been given to William Tate to use the tithables of the Reverend Zach Brooke, of Mr. James Whitlock, and of James Rice to assist Tate in clearing the road whereof he was the surveyor.[18] Zachariah Brooke was the first pastor of St. Paul’s, arriving there, according to William Meade, from Hauxton and Newton near Cambridge, England.[19] According to Frederick Lewis Weis, Brooke (1676-1738) arrived in Virginia about 1710 and pastored St. Paul’s in Hanover 1721-1736. He was Essex-born and son of a father who was also an Anglican parson, Reverend John Brooke, and he came to Virginia with an M.A. from Sidney College, Cambridge.[20]

An account of parish expenditures in St. Paul’s vestry minutes for 16 September 1730 offers an interesting piece of information that may help us place, in general, the part of Hanover County in which James 2 Whitlock lived. Vestry minutes for this date show Mr. James Whitlock being paid 300 pounds of tobacco to curb in a spring at the lower church and to maintain the same for ten years.[21] The lower church of St. Paul’s parish, which, confusingly, was the former upper church of St. Peter’s in New Kent County, lay between the forks of the North and South Anna Rivers.[22] The original St. Peter’s church was moved slightly north, still between the forks, in 1718. This is now the site of the community named Old Church in the lower end of Hanover County near the New Kent County border. If James 2 Whitlock was paid by St. Paul’s in 1730 to curb the spring at the lower church and to maintain the spring’s curb for ten years, then I think it’s safe to conclude he lived near the lower church — and I’d go further and say that his father probably also lived in that vicinity in what was New Kent County when James 1 moved there by 1688, and when he died in New Kent in 1716. And this is where James 3 grew up….

At the same vestry session on 16 September 1730, an order was given that the tithables of Reverend Zachariah Brooke, James Rice, Mr. James Whitlock, and David Tyree assist James Allen in clearing a road.[23] As noted above, the vestry order issued on 15 June 1730 regarding roadwork had previously mentioned both Reverend Zachariah Brooke and James Rice in connection to James Whitlock. I assume, but haven’t proven, that James Rice must be related to the Thomas Rice who was paid by the estate of James 3 Whitlock for schooling his children, a fact discussed in the previous posting.[24]

James Allen is mentioned again in vestry minutes on 28 March 1732 when he and James 2 Whitlock made a return to the vestry of a processioning at which they had officiated.[25] James Allen’s wife was Ann Anderson, of the family to which David Anderson belonged.[26] James Allen is, I think, the J. Allen who was, as we’ll see in a moment, one of the witnesses to James 2 Whitlock’s will. Another witness was David Tyree, who is also named in this set of vestry minutes.

On 2 January 1733, Mr. James Whitlock was sworn a vestryman of St. Paul’s parish, and took the requisite oaths for the position before Peter Garland, Gentleman.[28] James 2 Whitlock’s appointment to St. Paul’s vestry indicates, as does his persistent title of Mr. in vestry minutes, that he held secure social status in Hanover County. As David Hackett Fischer explains, the leading local institutions in colonial Virginia were the courts and the parish vestries, both “dominated by self-perpetuating oligarchies of county gentlemen.”[29] Vestry duties comprised more than administering finances of a church and its parish. As we’ve seen, they included overseeing the regular marking of land boundaries within a parish. And as Fischer notes, they also included administering the poor law and handling other secular business. From the time he began sitting as a vestryman from 9 October 1733, James Whitlock appears in vestry minutes assisting in handling of parish business until his decease in 1736.[30] 

Will of James Whitlock

Then, having made his will on 21 March 1733/4, James 2 Whitlock died before 8 November 1736, when St. Paul’s vestry minutes note that John Holden had been elected a vestryman in place of James Whitlock, dec’d (see the digital image at the head of this posting).[31] The probate date given on a transcript of the will of James 2 Whitlock found in a case file for a 1757 Prince Edward County, Virginia, chancery court case is 6 — 1736: the month is missing, but is very likely November, since the St. Paul’s vestry minutes stating that James Whitlock had died are dated 8 November 1736.

About the 1757 transcript of James 2 Whitlock’s will: due to the loss of almost all Hanover’s early records in 1865, the original will and will book in which it was recorded are not extant. But in 1934, W.S. Morton of Farmville, Virginia, discovered either the original will or a transcription of it, apparently in Hanover district court papers — and Morton published a transcript of this document in Tyler’s Quarterly.[32]

A valuable handwritten transcript of the original will was also produced in 1757 for use in a lawsuit that James 2 Whitlock’s widow Frances filed against the executors of the estate of the husband she married following James Whitlock’s death.[33] I’ll discuss the lawsuit itself later. For now, I want to point to the valuable transcript of James 2 Whitlock’s will found in the chancery court case file for the 1757 Prince Edward County case of Frances Hoggatt v. Exrs. of Anthony Hoggatt, a transcript made some twenty years following the death of James 2 Whitlock that allows us to compare Morton’s 1937 transcript with what appears to be a faithful handwritten copy of the original.

The will of James 2 Whitlock reads as follows:

In the name of God Amen I James Whitlock of the Parish of S.^t Pauls in the County of Hanover being very Sick and weak in body; but of perfect Sense and memory bleſsed be God for the Same and Calling to mind the Uncertainty of this life thinks proper to Settle my affairs thus; first I Commend my Soul to God that Gave it aſsured of believing that I Shall Receive full Pardon of my Sins in and through the merits of my Blessed Saviour Jesus Christ and my body I commit to the Earth to be Buried in Such Christian manner as my Ex^x hereafter mentioned Shall think Proper and as to what worldly Estate the Almighty has bestowed upon me I bequeave as followeth Viz.

Item I give and bequeave to my Son James Whitlock Five pounds in Goods in a Store and one bible and book Call’d the whole Duty of man to be paid him by my Executrix hereafter named within Six months after my Decease in full of whatever he may Claim by or from me or in or by y^e Decease of any of my other Children if the law will allow of it, and my Desire is that if any of my other Children Shall dye under age that my son James and the heirs of his body Shall be Intirely Excluded and Debard from Claiming anything that Ever was; or was deemed or Calld part of my Estate.

Item I give and Bequeath to my Son David Whitlock all the land and plantation I now live on with the hundred acres I lately purchased adjoining thereto to him and his heirs in fee.

I give and bequeave to my Son Mathew Whitlock all the land that is unsold belonging to the tract I purchased from Capt. William Morris to him and his heirs in fee.

Item I give and Bequeave to my Daughter Sarah Hunt one Negro Woman Named Sue and her Increase after my Decease.

Item I give and bequeave to my Daughter Temperance Whitlock one Negro girl named Beck and her Increase.

Item I give and bequeath to my Daughter Mary Whitlock one Negro Girl named Cate She and her increase.

Item I give to my Daughter Agnes Whitlock one Negro Girl named Rose She & her Increase.

Item I give to my Son David Whitlock one Negro boy named Barnaby.

Item I give to my Son Mathew Whitlock one Negro boy named Bob.

Item I give to my beloved wife Frances Whitlock one melato woman named Abigail and all the Increase that She Shall have after my Decease.

My Will and Desire is that if Either of my two Sons David or Mathew Should die before they Come to the age of twenty one Years or no Iſsue of their Body Lawfully begotten then my Desire is their Lands be Sold by my Executrix and my trustee hereafter named and the money Equally Divided amongst all the rest of my Children that Shall be then living, Share and Share alike, my will and Desire is that if any of my Children Should Lose the Negros before Given them before they are married, then my Desire is that Child or Children Should have and receive of my Executrix and trustee hereafter Named another Negro as Near the age & bigness as any belonging to my Estate in the lew of the loſs Sustained.

And if it shall Please the Almighty that I Should have any more Children than I now have my will is that if it is a male Child and lives to be of Age and Either of my Sons before named Die before any Come of age or not leaving iſsue then my will is that he have or receive his or their part of my Land but if a female to have and receive a young Negro but if either of Sons David & Mathew Should die before They Come of age then my will is the Male born to me if any to have and receive a young Negro of my Executrix and Trustee hereafter named.

Item I give the Guardian Ship of all my Children to by well beloved wife Frances unleſs my Trustee See apparent Cause to the Contrary after duly Calculating as the Circumstance may happen of my other Estate as Negros money in England and Virginia Estate and Debts due from me I give the one third part to my well beloved wife Frances Whitlock and the other two thirds I give Equally among my other Children as well them as Shall be born to me hereafter as them now born Excepting my Son James.

Lastly I appoint my well beloved wife Frances Whitlock Exr.^x of this my Last will and Testament and Do order that my Estate be appraised and that my wife Should not Give Security Unless my Trustee hereafter named thinks She is Imbezling or mismanaging the Same I appoint my Son in law James Hunt as Trustee to See this my will Execut^d and I do hereby give him full Power to Cause Judicate Redreſs to be had to any [Matter?] administration in my Exr.^x and that if any or Either of them find my Estate in Such Condition that my Legatees Shall Suffer then my Trustee Shall be Impowerd to apply to the County Court in order to have So much of my Estate out Cry’^d as will Discharge the Legatees and that my Trustee keep the money untill the Children that it belongs to Comes of age and I do Utterly Revok all other wills formerly by me made and do apoint this my last will and Testament witneſs my hand Seal this 21 day of March 1733/4.

James Whitlock – (Seal)

Signed sealed and published in the presence of us:

J Allen

Thos^s Lacy Jun^r

David Tyree

At a Court held for Hanover County the 6^th day of 1736

This Will of James Whitlock dec^d was this day prov^d in open Court by the oaths of Thom.^s Lacy Jun.^r and David Tyree two of the Witnesses thereto and was admitted to Record.

The will of James 2 Whitlock tells us that he was a planter of considerable means, who operated his plantation with the labor of enslaved people. It also speaks of money in England, though it does not provide specific information about any English property James 2 Whitlock held. The will also tells us that James’s wife Frances was still of childbearing age when he made the will in March 1733/4. Because James 2 was the son of an English immigant (James 1), it’s certainly possible that the family would have retained ties to English relatives into the lifetime of James 2.

As the last posting states, I have assumed that James’s son James 3 is the oldest of his sons because James 2 names James 3 first among his three sons, though it’s possible he does this because he is singling out this son as he disinherits him. I discussed the disinheritance in the posting I’ve just linked, noting that no reason is given for it. The reality is that a father in colonial Virginia, who had absolutely power over his wife, children, and any servants or enslaved people he held, could disinherit a child for any reason at all. The will of James 2 makes crystal clear that James 2 was disinheriting his son James 3 not merely by the stipulations it makes about his receiving only a bible, The Whole Duty of Man, and ￡5 goods in a store and about his and his heirs being disbarred from having any other share of James 2’s estate, but also by another stipulation that the two-thirds of the estate left to James and Frances’s children was to be shared by all children alike “Excepting my Son James.”

I have wondered if James 3 might have been a son by a wife prior to Frances and therefore a half-sibling of the other children, primarily because he (and his sister Sarah) appear to have been somewhat older than the rest of the children. But nothing in the will leads me to conclude that the children belong to James 2 by any wife other than Frances, whose maiden name I haven’t found, as I state above. In a subsequent brief posting, I’ll provide the information I have about Frances following James 2’s death, when she remarried to Anthony Hoggatt.

The land of James 2 Whitlock continues to be mentioned in processioning returns in St. Paul’s vestry minutes after James had died.[34] As the will indicates, neither of the sons inheriting land, David and Matthew, was yet aged twenty-one, and James’s children were placed under the guardianship of their mother Frances with James Hunt acting as trustee, and the land bequeathed to David and Matthew was not to be theirs until they were of age, nor were the enslaved people willed to the children to be given to them until they had married.

---

[1] “Research Report by United Ancestries Dd Nov. 5, 1984 re James Whitlock of Virginia from Billye O. Jenkins,” miscellaneous file X0793, in the source files archived at the Whitlock One-Name Study site.

[2] Stafford County, Virginia, Deeds and Wills 1699-1709, pp. 313-4.

[3] The original vestry minutes for St. Paul’s parish in this period are held by the State Library of Virginia. See C.G. Chamberlayne’s transcription in The Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786 (Richmond: Virginia State Archives, 1989), p. 213, transcribing p. 166 of the original vestry minutes book. This processioning return was recorded in vestry minutes for 20 November 1749, as processioning returns from previous years were copied and entered into the vestry records.

[4] See supra, n. 1.

[5] The records of Ware Parish have unfortunately not survived, though a church that appears to date from before 1750 still stands near the old church site in Ware Neck several miles northwest of the inlet formed by Ware River in Gloucester County: see Emily J. Salmon, A Hornbook of Virginia History (Richmond: State Library of Virginia, 1983), pp. 175-6. A picture of the church is in Loth Calder, The Virginia Landmarks Register (Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1986), p. 172, along with a description of it. Calder, who sees the church as one of the finest examples of colonial brickwork in Virginia, notes that the church is unusually large and beautifully crafted, indicating the importance of this church that served Gloucester’s leading planters.

[6] Middlesex Co., VA, DB 1679/80-1694, II, p. 175; see Polly Cary Mason, Records of Colonial Gloucester County, Virginia, vol. 2 (Newport News, Virginia: George Carrington & Polly Cary Mason, 1948), p.127.

[7] Gloucester County, Virginia, Commonwealth Grants, Bk. 7, p. 637; see Polly Cary Mason, Records of Colonial Gloucester County, Virginia, vol. 1 (Newport News, Virginia: George Carrington & Polly Cary Mason, 1948), p. 71.

[8] See Chamberlayne’s introduction to his transcription of St. Paul’s vestry minutes in his Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, p. xii. See also William Meade, Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1857), p. 419.

[9] Chamberlayne, introduction to Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, pp. xiii-xiv. 

[10] Ibid.

[11] Ibid., p. xv.

[12] Chamberlayne, Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, p. 213 (p. 166 of original minutes).

[13] Ibid., p. 219, p. 172 in original vestry minutes.

[14] Ibid., pp. 228, 240, pp. 179, 187 of the original vestry minutes.

[15] Ibid., p. 241, p. 188 of original.

[16] Ibid., p. 236, p. 184 of original.

[17] Ibid., p. 258, p. 200 of original.

[18] Ibid., p. 126, p. 108 of original.

[19] Meade, Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia, p. 419.

[20] Frederick Lewis Weis, The Colonial Clergy of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina (Boston: Society of Descendants of Colonial Clergy, 1955), p. 7.

[21] Chamberlayne, Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, p. 128, p. 110 of original.

[22] George Carrington Mason, “The Colonial Churches of New Kent and Hanover Counties, Virginia,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 53,4 (October 1945), pp. 255-6, and see the map between pp. 246-7. See also the valuable historical sketch at the history page of the website of Hanover County Historical Society, citing multiple sources.

[23] Chamberlayne, Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, p. 129, p. 110 of original.

[24] Louisa County, Virginia, Inventory Bk. 1743-1790, pp. 39-40. The notation that James 3 Whitlock’s estate paid Thomas Rice for schooling James’s children is in the 22 November 1757 list of expenditures of the estate as it was settled.

[25] Chamberlayne, Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, pp. 281-2, p. 271 of original.  

[26] James M. Allen, James Allen of Scotland and Virginia: A Partial List of His Descendants (James M. Allen: Rocky Mount, North Carolina, 2007), p. 174.

[27] Hanover County, Virginia, Court Record Bk. 1733-5, p. 3.

[28] Chamberlayne, Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, p. 135, p. 114 of original.

[29] David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in Colonial America (Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1989), p. 406.

[30] E.g., Chamberlayne, Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, p. 136, p. 115 of original.

[31] Ibid., 146, p. 122 of original.

[32] W.S. Morton, W.S. Morton, “Will of James Whitlock, of Hanover County, Virginia,” Tyler’s Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine 18,4 (April 1937), pp. 231-3. When this Tyler’s article was reproduced in the multi-volume set entitled Genealogies of Virginia Families from Tyler’s Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine, this reprinting of the 1937 article stated that W.S. Morton of Farmville, Virginia, had discovered the will on 19 March 1934: vol. 4 (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1981], pp. 463-5. The information that he found the will in “District Court papers” is in Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly 5,2 (April 1967) p. 43.

[33] Frances Hoggatt v. Exrs. of Anthony Hoggatt, Prince Edward County, Virginia, Chancery Court case 1757-01; the case file is available digitally at the chancery records section of Library of Virginia’s Virginia Memory site.

[34] E.g., Chamberlayne, Vestry Book of St. Paul’s Parish, Hanover County, Virginia, 1706-1786, p. 299, p.231 of original.