BEGATS AND BEQUEATHALS

Challenges in Determining Birthdates and Birth Order of Last Three Children of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing – Patrick, Ezekiel, and Jean/Jane

I take it that Patrick, Ezekiel, and Jean/Jane Calhoun are the last three children of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing because, as I’ve stated previously, it seems clear to me that when Ezekiel Calhoun made his will in Granville County, South Carolina, on 3 September 1759, he named his sons and daughters separately and by order of birth: the oldest son first, followed by the next son, and so on, and the oldest daughter first, followed by the next daughter, and so on.[1] The will states,

I also allow an equal division to be given of the Rest and Remainder of all my Goods and Chattels & personal estate whatsoever to my son John Calhoun Patrick Calhoun Ezekiel Calhoun & likeways to my Daughter Mary Calhoun Rebecca Calhoun Cathren Calhoun Jean Calhoun.

As we’ve seen, a number of pieces of evidence place the birth year of Ezekiel’s first child Mary around 1743, and Mary was followed by her sister Rebecca whose tombstone states that she was born 18 November 1745. Following Rebecca was Ezekiel’s son John Ewing Colhoun, whose tombstone gives his birth year as 1752 but whose death notices place his birth in 1749. As I have stated previously, the 1749 birth year for John E. Colhoun seems to me more likely for reasons I provide in the linked posting, and it appears to me that the next child of Ezekiel, Catherine Calhoun, was born about 1752. The link I have just provided points to a discussion of Catherine’s birth year.

If my conclusion that Ezekiel Calhoun’s will names his sons and daughters by order of birth is correct, then Patrick Calhoun’s birth followed that of his brother John E. Colhoun, and Ezekiel’s followed Patrick’s. And Jean/Jane Calhoun was born after her sister Catherine. To say this doesn’t mean we know in which order these three Calhoun children were born, of course, other than the fact that Patrick was born before Ezekiel. It’s possible that Jane (as I’ll call her for simplicity’s sake from here on out) was born prior to either Patrick or Ezekiel. In his published history of the Calhoun family of South Carolina, A.S. Salley places Jane Calhoun last in the list of the children of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing.[2] Salley does not offer a birthdate for Jane or any information other than that she married John Steadman. And I should note, too, that his ordering of the children of Ezekiel and Jean/Jane Ewing Calhoun does not follow mine, as I’ve shared it here in my series of postings about this family. I do note, however, that Salley does place Jane last among Ezekiel Calhoun’s children, though one published piece after another claims that Jane was born in 1743 and was Ezekiel and Jean/Jane Ewing Calhoun’s oldest child, without citing any source for that year of birth.

In short, I have just not found information about when Jane Calhoun Steadman was born, or much information about her at all. In my next posting, I will share the bits of information I’ve found about her husband. So I cannot be certain that I’m correct in proposing that Ezekiel and Jean/Jane Ewing Calhoun’s last three children were born in the following order: Patrick, Ezekiel, and Jane. A number of published articles and family trees assign Ezekiel a birthdate of 12 February 1756, without pointing to any source to document that birthdate. If that documentation exists anywhere, I have not found it. If this birthdate is correct, and if Patrick’s birth followed that of his sister Catherine, then Patrick would have been born between 1752-5, and if Jane followed Ezekiel, then Jane would likely have been born in 1757-8 and was a small infant when her father made his will in 1759. If this birthdate is correct, then Jane could not possibly have married John Steadman in 1760 as a number of published accounts and family trees claim, without citing documentation.

A number of published sketches of the family of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing state that a baptismal record shows their son Patrick baptized in Augusta County, Virginia, on 15 February 1754.[3] None of these accounts of this family provides a source to document this baptism record. I’m aware of no extant baptismal records from Presbyterian communities in Augusta (later Wythe) County, Virginia, in that period of time. The Calhoun family were clearly Ulster Scots Presbyterians and would have attended a Presbyterian church during their years in Virginia. I have found no church records for them in the decade in which they lived in Virginia, 1745-1755, before they relocated to the Long Cane area of the South Carolina upcountry in March 1756. If such records exist, it seems many researchers of this family over the years have not found them.

With all those provisos about what I just do not know and have not found about these final three (as I think) children of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing, here’s such information as I have about Patrick Calhoun – and a posting about his siblings Ezekiel and Jane will follow:

Patrick Calhoun: Sorting Fact from Fiction

About Patrick Calhoun, son of Ezekiel and Jean/Jane Ewing Calhoun, there’s great confusion in various accounts of the Calhoun family of South Carolina. This confusion is created by the repeated use of the given name Patrick. As we’ve seen, the immigrant progenitor of the Calhoun family that settled in the Long Cane region in the South Carolina upcountry in March 1756 was Patrick Colhoun, who died in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1740 or 1741. Patrick the immigrant and his wife Catherine Montgomery named a son Patrick (1727-1796). The three brothers of Patrick Calhoun (1727-1796), Ezekiel, James, and William, also each named a son Patrick, creating a welter of Patrick Calhouns living in the South Carolina upcountry at the same time. More than one family tree or published history of the Calhoun family has confused the Patrick Calhoun who was a son of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing with his uncle Patrick Calhoun (1727-1796), and has Ezekiel’s son Patrick married to one of the wives of his uncle Patrick Calhoun, Martha Caldwell.

Value of Biographies of Livingston County, Kentucky, Residents to Point Us to Put Us Onto Track of the Right Patrick Calhoun

As Orval O. Calhoun notes in his history of the Calhoun family, a number of biographies of early residents of Livingston County, Kentucky, provide us with valuable clues about the Patrick Calhoun who was son of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing.[4] These include a biography of James K. Huey published in 1887, one of William J. Flournoy published in 1904, and another of Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun published in 1932. Orval O. Calhoun points specifically to Flournoy’s biography, which states that William J. Flournoy, a Baptist minister born in Virginia in 1811, came to Paducah, Kentucky, in 1833, and operated a store and drug business there, pastoring a Baptist church. The biography further states,

Shortly after Mr. Flournoy came to Kentucky, in 1835, he married Miss Jane Calhoun, daughter of Patrick Calhoun, her native place being Smithland, Kentucky.  

So this piece of biographical information points us to a Patrick Calhoun who was in Smithland, Kentucky, prior to 1835 – some years prior to that, if Patrick’s daughter Lucinda Jane was born in Smithland and married William J. Flournoy in 1835. Smithland is the county seat of Livingston County.

Then there’s the biography of James K. Huey, which opens by telling us that Col. James K. Huey was born in Dyer’s Hill precinct of Livingston County, Kentucky, on 27 March 1827, and that his parents were Robert Huey and Eliza Calhoun. About Robert Huey, the biography states,[5]

The father of our subject grew to manhood in this county, and about 1818 was married to Miss Eliza, daughter of Patrick and Ellen (Pickens) Calhoun, the latter was a daughter of Col. William Pickens, of the Revolutionary war. Patrick Calhoun was a cousin of John C. Calhoun, the noted statesman of South Carolina.

This Patrick Calhoun is clearly the same Patrick Calhoun who had a daughter Jane who married William J. Flournoy in 1835. We now learn from Huey’s biography that Patrick Calhoun married Ellen Pickens, daughter of William Pickens, a Revolutionary soldier, and that Patrick was a cousin of John C. Calhoun.

We’ve met James K. Huey previously. As the posting I’ve just linked states, he was a lawyer and judge in Livingston County who served as a representative to the Kentucky legislature and in 1851 administered the Livingston County estate of Ezekiel Calhoun Green (and see also here),[6] a son of John Green and Jane Kerr of Abbeville County and Pendleton District, South Carolina, and of Bibb County, Alabama. Jane Kerr was the daughter of Mary Calhoun and Samuel Kerr, Mary being a daughter of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing. At some point soon before 1820, perhaps when his parents John Green and Jane Kerr sold their Pendleton District land and moved to Alabama in 1818, Ezekiel Calhoun Green moved to Smithland in Livingston County, Kentucky, where he died and is buried.[7]

Ezekiel’s estate administrator James K. Huey (1826-1891) was a cousin of Ezekiel, then. The two were in fact multiply related. Huey’s mother Eliza Calhoun (1807-1830) was a daughter of Patrick Calhoun and Eleanor Pickens. Patrick’s father was Ezekiel Calhoun (abt. 1720 – 1762) – for whom Ezekiel Calhoun Green was named. Ezekiel’s grandmother Mary Calhoun Kerr was a sister of Patrick Calhoun: Ezekiel’s mother Jane Kerr Green was a first cousin of James K. Huey’s mother Eliza Calhoun Huey.

James K. Huey and Ezekiel Calhoun Green were also related through James’ grandmother Eleanor Pickens Calhoun, since Samuel Kerr, Ezekiel’s grandfather, was the son of an elder Samuel Kerr and Margaret Pickens, an aunt of Ellen Pickens Calhoun’s father William Gabriel Pickens. Furthermore, James and Ezekiel were Kerr cousins, since William Gabriel Pickens was the son of John Pickens and Eleanor Kerr, Eleanor being a sister to Samuel Kerr who married Margaret Pickens.

Finally, I want to note the biography of Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun cited previously.[8] Ezekiel was a lawyer born in Livingston County, Kentucky, in 1825, who went to California in 1851, where he became county judge of Tulare County and the district attorney of Kern County. The biography of Ezekiel states that his father was “Judge Patrick Calhoun,” who founded the town of Paducah, “carried on an enormous river business,” and was a first cousin of John C. Calhoun. It also states that Ezekiel’s mother Eleanor Pickens was a niece of General Pickens (i.e., Andrew Pickens, who married Rebecca Calhoun) of Revolutionary fame.

The information that Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun’s father Patrick Calhoun was a judge and founder of Paducah, Kentucky, who carried on an enormous river business is incorrect. This biography is confusing Patrick Calhoun with his son James Caldwell Calhoun, a merchant of Paducah who had extensive mercantile business in Paducah and became judge of the city’s court. A biography of James tells us that he was born in Livingston County on 25 July 1811, and came to Paducah with his widowed mother in 1828 following the death of his father in Livingston County.[9] The biography does not name James’ father: it was the same Patrick Calhoun who was father of Jane Calhoun (married William J. Flournoy), Eliza Calhoun (married Robert Huey), and Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun.

Note, too, that Eleanor Pickens Calhoun, mother of Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun, was not a niece of Andrew Pickens. Andrew Pickens (who married Patrick Calhoun’s sister Rebecca Calhoun) was a first cousin of William Gabriel Pickens, father of Eleanor Pickens Calhoun.

Another biography of Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun published in 1892 provides additional valuable information about Ezekiel’s father Patrick Calhoun.[10] This source states that Patrick Calhoun, who was a second cousin of John C. Calhoun, came to Kentucky in 1785, settling at the junction of the Cumberland and Ohio Rivers (i.e., at Smithland in Livingston County). It also states the Patrick Calhoun married “a daughter of General Pickens of Revolutionary fame.” This is incorrect, of course: as stated above, Patrick Calhoun’s wife Ellen/Eleanor Pickens was the daughter of William Gabriel Pickens, a first cousin of General Andrew Pickens. The information that Patrick Calhoun was a second cousin of John Caldwell Calhoun is also slightly incorrect: it’s true that Patrick Calhoun and John C. Calhoun were cousins. John C. Calhoun’s father Patrick Calhoun (1727-1796) was an uncle of Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun’s father Patrick Calhoun. John C. Calhoun and the Patrick Calhoun who was Ezekiel’s father were first cousins.

I have not found a record of when and where Patrick Calhoun married Eleanor, daughter of William Gabriel Pickens and Rebecca Caldwell. Eleanor is buried in Paducah’s Oak Grove cemetery with a tombstone stating that she was born 2 September 1785 and died 1 February 1843.[11] Note that if Patrick Calhoun was born between 1752 and 1755, as I proposed above, he would have been some thirty years the senior of his wife Eleanor. He would have been of the generation of Eleanor’s father William Gabriel Pickens, who was born 18 October 1760 in Camden District, South Carolina, and who died about 1840 in Livingston County, Kentucky.

Patrick’s Father-in-Law William Gabriel Pickens

William Gabriel Pickens stated his date and place of birth in an affidavit he gave on 4 February 1833 in Livingston County court as he applied for a pension for his Revolutionary service.[12] The affidavit states that William entered service in October 1775 in Abbeville District, South Carolina, under General Robert Anderson. He served up to April or May 1782, though not continuously, and in April 1781, his militia unit joined General Andrew Pickens – “another cousin to myself, being brothers’ children, and with whom I had been raised,” William states. His father John Pickens was a brother to Andrew Pickens’ father Andrew Pickens.

William Gabriel Pickens’ affidavit further states,

When I entered the service I was living in Abbeville District, formerly Ninety Six, whither I had moved at an early age. I remained in that country until the year ____ [blank in the original] when I removed to this country where I have lived ever since.

At some point after 1790, when he is found on the federal census in Abbeville County, South Carolina, William Gabriel Pickens moved to Livingston County, Kentucky. Unfortunately, his Revolutionary pension affidavit does not state the year. If the biography of Patrick Calhoun’s son Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun in Memorial and Biographical History of the Counties of Fresno, Tulare and Kern, California cited above[13] is correct when it states that Patrick Calhoun came to Kentucky in 1785, then he preceded William Gabriel Pickens to Kentucky, and after the Pickens family came to Kentucky, it appears Patrick married William’s oldest daughter Eleanor.

A November 1981 letter of Eron Sharp of Memphis, Tennessee, to Eugene Trimble of Kensington, Maryland, places the move of William Gabriel Pickens from South Carolina to Livingston County, Kentucky, in 1803.[14] This letter contains fascinating information about the context of the move of a number of families, many of them interrelated, from the South Carolina upcountry to Lexington County, Kentucky, in the post-Revolutionary period. Eron Sharp states,

Here is my account of how and why all those folks went to Livingston Co. Ky. John Jones of Pendleton Dist. S.C. (now Anderson county) was a daredevil explorer of the west and obtained the name “Devil John Jones.” He led several groups of Carolinians over the mountains of N. C. near what is today Cherokee, N. C. The Federal Govt. had just cut a new road across the mountains in 1795. They came down into the Tenn. river valley and there built rafts, or house boats and floated down the Tenn. river to its mouth and scattered out from there to their various land grants. John Jones once owned land and lived in Livingston county.

Then he goes on to say,

The following Anderson Co. S. C. families followed him to Livingston County we know of:

1. William Gabriel Pickens arrived in 1803

2. William Pickens, nephew of Wm. Gabriel, son of Capt. Joseph and Eleanor Pickens.

3. James Dowdle, who had married a daughter of Capt. Joseph and Eleanor.

4. Samuel Henry, sold out in Anderson in 1803 and moved with the migration. Samuel Henry’s son John married Jane Pickens, daughter of Andrew Pickens and Margaret Dowdle Pickens.

5. Mrs. Andrew Pickens, who was Margaret Dowdle. Her daughter Jane married John M. Henry. They are my great-great grandparents.

6. Robert Dickey. Dickeys intermarried with Henrys and Hillhouses.

7. James Hillhouse, two sons married into the Henry family.

8. Hugh Wilson.

9. John Caldwell died in 1805 in Livingston county. He from same part of S.C.

10. Patrick Calhoun, had married a daughter of Wm. Gabriel Pickens.

11. Patrick Cain from Abbeville Dist. S. C.

And, as noted above, we can add to this list Patrick Calhoun’s and William Gabriel Pickens’ cousin Ezekiel Calhoun Green, who also moved from Pendleton District, South Carolina, to Livingston County, Kentucky, in the early 1800s.

If William Gabriel Pickens made his move to Livingston County, Kentucky, in 1803, I would be inclined to think it was soon after his family’s arrival there that William’s oldest daughter Eleanor, who was eighteen years of age in 1803, married Patrick Calhoun. Kentucky land grant records confirm that William G. Pickens was in Livingston County by 1803: he had a grant of 200 acres on Clay Lick Creek in that county on 29 March 1803, the first of several grants he received from the commonwealth of Kentucky in Livingston County.[15]

Livingston County, Kentucky, Records for Patrick, 1799-1827

Patrick Calhoun was in Livingston County by 17 June 1799, when he had a Kentucky grant of 200 acres on Besswell’s Creek in that county.[16] Bissel Creek flows from north to south through Livingston County into the Cumberland River a few miles north of Smithland. Claylick Creek, where William G. Pickens had his 1803 grant, flows into the Cumberland a few miles east of Bissel Creek.

On 3 August 1809, Patrick had a grant for another 80 acres on Bio Creek in Livingston County.[17] I suspect that Bio Creek, which is mentioned in a number of Patrick Calhoun’s Livingston County land records and appears to be where he lived, is Bayou Creek, which flows from east to west through Livingston County and empties into the Ohio River not far north of Smithland. In the mid-South region west to Texas, the word “bayou” is pronounced “bi-o,” with a long I and a long O.

The 1810 federal census enumerates Patrick and his family at Smithland in Livingston County.[18] The census shows the household with one male aged 26-44, two males under 10, one female 16-25, one female under 10, and two enslaved persons. It appears to me that this census places Patrick’s age in the incorrect slot, and that he should be listed in the 45+ age category.

Listed next to Patrick Calhoun on the 1810 federal census is his wife Eleanor’s brother James Caldwell Pickens (1787-1840), who had not yet married and was the sole person in his household. I think it’s likely James was farming with his brother-in-law Patrick Calhoun at this point.

Following the death of Lilburne Lewis in Livingston County in April 1812, Patrick Calhoun was an appraiser of Lewis’ estate. Lilburne Lewis was a nephew of Thomas Jefferson. In his book Jefferson’s Nephews, historian Boynton Merrill tells the story of the barbarous murder of an enslaved young man George by Lilburne and his brother Isham in December 1811, noting that Patrick Calhoun was an appraiser of Lilburne’s estate.[19] Lilburne Lewis committed suicide on 9 April 1812.

On 26 November 1812, Patrick Calhoun had a grant of another 80 acres in Livingston County on a branch of the Ohio River.[20] I think it’s likely that the branch of the Ohio on which this land sat was what’s called Bio Creek in other land records of Patrick Calhoun.

On 16 June 1813, Patrick Calhoun and William Montgomery had a patent for 200 acres in Livingston County issued jointly to them. This is stated in a division of this tract between the two men recorded in Livingston County on 20 December 1813.[21] Both Patrick and William signed the land division and both acknowledged it on 21 June 1814.

I think it’s likely that William Montgomery was the man of that name who was a son of Lieutenant Colonel John Montgomery, who was killed by Indians in Livingston County in December 1796, according to documents found in his Revolutionary pension file.[22] Other records place John Montgomery’s death in November 1794, the date recorded on his tombstone in the Lucy Jefferson Lewis Memorial cemetery at Smithland.[23] John Montgomery’s Find a Grave memorial page, which I’ve just linked in the preceding footnote, states that he was born in Augusta County, Virginia, on 17 July 1750.

Note that John Montgomery was born in the same county in which Patrick Calhoun was born in roughly the same time frame as Patrick was born. John Montgomery’s Find a Grave memorial page links him to his father William Montgomery, who was born in 1723 in County Donegal, Ireland, and William’s Find a Grave memorial page links him to James Montgomery of County Donegal (born in 1693) as William’s father, with James’ Find a Grave memorial page stating that James was a brother of Catherine Montgomery Calhoun, Patrick Calhoun’s grandmother. As has been previously noted, Patrick Calhoun the immigrant and wife Catherine Montgomery are said to have come from County Donegal, Ireland, to Pennsylvania. John Montgomery and son William of Livingston County, Kentucky, were cousins of Patrick Calhoun, members of the Montgomery family in Augusta County, Virginia, to whom Ezekiel Calhoun’s son John Ewing Colhoun sold Ezekiel’s land on Reed Creek in what is now Wythe County.

Agreeable to an act of assembly dated 7 January 1815, Livingston County court appointed Patrick Calhoun and Moses Hurley to procession the land of David Fort. They did the processioning on 8 May 1821 and reported it to court, both of them signing.[24]

On 10 June 1816, Patrick Calhoun sold to George Robinson, both of Livingston County, for $100 80 acres from a survey to Patrick as the assignee of Linly Allen on 3 August 1809.[25] The land was on waters of Bio creek bordering John Crain and J. [Jonah] Hibbs. Patrick signed the deed and acknowledged it on 19 June.

I don’t spot Patrick Calhoun on the 1820 federal census.

On 15 October 1821, Patrick Calhoun and Jesse Rogers went security for Yancy Baynes for a mortgage Baynes made to the bank of Kentucky at Princeton, for a note for $48 Baynes owed the bank.[26] He mortgaged 100 acres on Bio Creek adjoining Rogers.

On 24 September 1825, Patrick went security with James Baynes for another mortgage made by Yancy Baynes to secure a promissory note he had made to the bank of Kentucky.[27] The record leaves the amount of the note blank. On 2 January 1826, Baynes mortgaged to the bank 95 acres on Bio Creek.

On 10 March 1827, Patrick Calhoun sold Thomas Barnett, both of Livingston County, for $2,200 two tracts of land, one surveyed for William Head on the headwaters of Biswell Creek, the other surveyed for Jesse Ford assignee of Michael Row on the headwaters of Bio Creek, 400 acres more or less in all.[28] Patrick’s wife Eleanor signed along with him, signing as Elenor B. Calhoun and using her mark. She relinquished dower on 16 May and the deed was recorded then.

On 13 May 1827, Patrick sold David Fort, both of Livingston County, for $80 200 acres sold by John McKernon to Patrick Calhoun and Jonah Hibbs on 18 March 1822.[29] Patrick signed with witnesses Thomas Willis, John Smedley, and John McKernon. On 13 June 1827, he proved the deed and it was recorded.

This is the last record I’ve found for Patrick Calhoun. Since the biography of Patrick’s son James Caldwell Calhoun cited above[30] states that James moved from Livingston County to Paducah in 1828 with his widowed mother, it appears that Patrick Calhoun died in Livingston County at some point after 13 June 1827. If my estimate of when Patrick was born is correct, he’d have been in his 70s by 1827 and was perhaps old and infirm when he sold his landholdings in March and May 1827. Perhaps he was selling his land to provide money for his family to live on following his death.

The biography of Ezekiel Ewing Calhoun cited above[31] states that Patrick Calhoun and Eleanor Pickens had seven sons and six daughters. I have not researched the children of Patrick and Eleanor and don’t have an account of their children beyond the ones mentioned above. But the FamilySearch Tree page for Patrick Calhoun offers a list of his thirteen children, one of them unnamed.

In my next posting, I’ll share the very little that I know about Patrick Calhoun’s siblings Ezekiel Colhoun (he used that spelling of the surname) and Jean/Jane Calhoun Steadman/Stedman, who were, in my view, the last of the children of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing.

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[1] South Carolina Wills Bk. 1760-7, pp. 181-2; also in Charleston County, South Carolina, Will Bk. 9, pp. 201-2, transcribed by WPA, pp. 296-7.

[2] A.S. Salley, “The Calhoun Family of South Carolina (Continued),” South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine 7,3 (July 1906), p. 153.

[3] See e.g. the FamilySearch Tree page for Patrick M. Calhoun, citing “published information: Baptism record or certificate: birth: 15 February 1754; Augusta, Virginia, United States,” found in “book, Kentucky Genealogy Library.”

[4] Orval O. Calhoun, 800 Years of Colquhoun, Colhoun, Calhoun, and Cahoon Family History (Baltimore: Gateway, 1976), p. 175; J.H. Battle, W.H. Perrin, and G.C. Kniffin, Kentucky: A History of the State, vol. 2 (Louisville and Chicago: Battey, 1887), pp. 823-4; Memorial Record of Western Kentucky (Lewis Publishing Company, 1904), pp. 523-524; and Rockwell D. Hunt, ed. California and Californians, vol. 3 (Chicago: Lewis, 1932), pp. 68-70.

[5] See supra, n. 4.

[6] Livingston County, Kentucky, Court Order Bk. L, p. 28.

[7] Both Ezekiel Calhoun Green and James K. Huey are buried in Smithland cemetery in Livingston County: see Find a Grave memorial page of Ezekiel Calhoun Green, created by Charles Lay, maintained by wdlindsy; and Find a Grave memorial page of Col. James K. Huey in the same cemetery, created by Charles Lay, maintained by Jim Nelson.

[8] See supra, n. 4.

[9] J.H. Battle, W.H. Perrin, and G.C. Kniffin, Kentucky: A History of the State, vol. 1 (Louisville and Chicago: Battey, 1885), p. 289.

[10] Memorial and Biographical History of the Counties of Fresno, Tulare and Kern, California (Chicago: Lewis, Company, 1892), pp. 632-3.

[11] See Find a Grave memorial page of Ellen B. Pickens Calhoun, Oak Grove cemetery, Paducah, McCracken County, Kentucky, created by Trey Thompson, with a tombstone photo by genielady2012.

[12] NARA, Case Files of Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Applications Based on Revolutionary War Service, Compiled ca. 1800 – ca. 1912, Documenting the Period ca. 1775 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file S1244, available digitally at Fold3.

[13] See supra, n. 10.

[14] Eugene Trimble has published this letter on his Livingston County, Kentucky, website.

[15] Kentucky Land Grants South of Green River Bk. 28, p. 194: see Willard Rouse Jillson, The Kentucky Land Grants:

A Systematic Index to All of the Land Grants Recorded in the State Land Office at Frankfort, Kentucky, 1782-1924 (Louisville: Standard, 1925), p. 386.

[16] Kentucky Land Grants South of Green River Bk. 27, p. 214: see Jillson, Kentucky Land Grants, p. 284.

[17] Kentucky Land Grants South of Green River Bk. 16, p. 410: see Jillson, Kentucky Land Grants, p. 284.

[18] 1810 federal census, Livingston County, Kentucky, p. 706.

[19] Boynton Merrill, Jefferson’s Nephews: A Frontier Tragedy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), p. 245.

[20] Kentucky Land Grants South of Green River Bk. 13, p. 39: see Jillson, Kentucky Land Grants, p. 284.

[21] Livingston County, Kentucky, Deed Bk. B, p. 491.

[22] NARA, Case Files of Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Applications Based on Revolutionary War Service, Compiled ca. 1800 – ca. 1912, Documenting the Period ca. 1775 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file R16522, available digitally at Fold3.

[23] See Find a Grave memorial page of LTC John Montgomery, Lucy Jefferson Lewis Memorial cemetery, Smithland, Livingston County, Kentucky, created by Southern Roots, with tombstone photos by Southern Roots and M. Branon.

[24] Livingston County, Kentucky, Deed Bk. D, p. 295.

[25] Ibid., Bk. C, pp. 174-5.

[26] Ibid., Bk. E, p. 152.

[27] Ibid., Bk. AA, pp. 494-5.

[28] Ibid., Bk. BB, pp. 169-170.

[29] Ibid., p. 170.

[30] See supra, n. 9.

[31] See supra, n. 10.